Fino a pochi anni fa la quasi totalità del mondo scientifico che si occupava di gastroenterologia era convinta che il glutine avesse effetti negativi solo nella Malattia Celiaca. 
Pertanto, accadeva che se una persona lamentava problemi addominali, meteorismo, diarrea, ecc..., ma i valori delle Transglutaminasi erano negativi e i villi integri, gli veniva detto che non era celiaca e che poteva continuare ad assumere glutine senza problema.
Quindi, al di fuori di un quadro clinico chiaro di Malattia Celiaca (MC), il glutine veniva considerato assolutamente secure.
But it seems that things are not in these terms.
In recent years we, in fact, seen a number of research to consider the toxicity of gluten even in non-celiacs.
In short a true intolerance to gluten, other than celiac disease.
In fact, it would be more correct to call "gluten sensitivity" or Gluten Sensitivity (GS), as researchers call it.
A study [1] very interesting was made by the Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section of the Department of Experimental Medicine of the Second University of Naples, in collaboration with the Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA, the Institute of Food Science, CNR Avellino and the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. ., USA.
The study took into account healthy subjects (control group), and subjects diagnosed with celiac gluten sensitivity, trying to understand what mechanisms differ in the clinical condition of the latter two groups.
The results showed that the MC (Celiac Disease) and GS (Gluten Sensitivity) are not only different in the genetic etiology, but also for the type of immune response (increase in production interleukin IL-17 in celiac patients but not in those with high sensitivity to gluten).
Beyond the undeniable interest in the outcome of this research, I must stress that is making inroads in the medical world the possibility of a disease triggered by gluten in non-celiacs. The Gluten Sensitivity (GS) [2], in fact.
That was a fraction of toxic gliadin gluten was already known.
But the basic idea was that it was only for people with celiac disease.
The direction that recent studies are taking is rather logically reversed; gliadin is toxic to everyone, but most people develop a tolerance, a protection mechanism that protects the intestinal cells (and villi) from the toxic protein of this compound.
Other subjects, however, lose (or not develop) this tolerance and in some cases the condition develops in celiac disease, while in others there would be a reaction, as it would for those sensitive to gluten (GS), although the entirely different from the celiac and less compelling for the immune system.
According to an article by Dr. Anna Sapone, published in July 2010 Celiac News (the newsletter in hard copy AIC), patients with GS had a slight increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes (not net as in the case of celiac ) but with completely normal villi. Furthermore, in some cases would be positive only for IgA / IgG antigliadin, but negative for other markers (EMA and TTG).
The symptoms, however, are almost always associated with bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, cramps and joint pain. They are often diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome.
But what interests us is that patients will face full light on this condition. For now, in fact, it has not recognized or diagnosed a protocol for follow up.
it is particularly insidious because it is distinct from the diagnostic errors that are committed in cases of genuine food allergies.
A celiac that is made first gluten-free diet controls, could have the same diagnostic picture of a patient with GS. Are still many situations, so-called "borderline", in which clinical symptoms are evident, but the certainty of the diagnosis is not achieved even with biopsies of gastroscopy.
Finally, these people do not know if they have to absolutely exclude gluten or riesporsi periodically for possible recovery of tolerance because, unlike patients with celiac disease, you do not know the possible side effects of the toxicity of gluten in time, in this type of condition.
should therefore be to clarify and seek to intensify the search for la GS diventi una diagnosi certa, con un vero e proprio decorso post-diagnostico.
[1] http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=260087
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten_sensitivity
